Young leaves are basal and are narrowly oblanceolate, narrowing to a short petiole. Hairs are fine, soft and fuzzy. Montia perfoliata ), also known as miner's lettuce, Indian lettuce, winter purslane, or palsingat ( Cahuilla ), is a flowering plant in the family Montiaceae. They also like tomatoes a lot. While humans arent normally drawn to the odor, livestock frequently eat this dying foliage and end up dying themselves. Another resident shot and killed the bear while it attacked the victims. Here is a wild lettuce plant . Loaded with vitamin C, it has been used for centuries to prevent and treat scurvy a condition caused by poor nutrition and vitamin C deficiency. I watched scores of people pass one of the worlds great salad greens without so much as a second glance. 2. Young Claytonia appear as rosettes of narrow grass-like leaves, gradually growing wider ones as they mature. Just remember that there are no edible wild tomatoes in the lower 48. These blisters go deep and result in scarring can last up to six years. Sign up for Outdoor Lifes newsletter for conservation news, hunting and fishing tips, and the hottest gear reviews. Has poison look alike with purple flowers that grow in the summer. Although it is an annual, Claytonia seeds will easily self-sow and return in favored locations year after year. A handful could kill a child, and a little more could take out an adult. Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) 5. About the Authors Michelle Howard 12 cup or more feta cheese, to taste. Remove foil and bake uncovered for an additional 5 minutes. Winter purslane, Claytonia perfoliata, is sometimes called miner's lettuce, and is typically used in winter salads. Be exceedingly careful of wild legume family members. It is sometimes referred to as winter purslane or Indian Lettuce, and has been utilized by Indigenous peoples long before the gold rush era. This plant is common in western Canada and U.S. The best way to harvest miners lettuce is to pick individual leaves and stems, leaving the rosette and roots to continue to grow fresh new leaves for future harvests the same season. Salt and pepper, to taste. This is especially important when foraging for Miners lettuce in wild environments, since over-harvesting and/or taking the entire plant by the roots will prevent it from reseeding for the following year. ), and edible parts! If you think you have grapes, check the seeds before eating any of them. Supporter. This was the Cold War, and they didnt want us to know that the mushrooms actually came from the Ukraine. The stinging nettle (Urdica dioica) seems an odd . About Miner's Lettuce. Jeanine Gurley Jacildone pollinator Posts: 1459 . Top bread with slices of mozzarella, mushroom and corn mixture, a sprinkle of paprika, and another slice of bread. Other potentially poisonous look-alikes include: As a disclaimer, there arent any substantial studies that illustrate the health benefits of wild lettuce. Technically speaking, a wild lettuce plant is a weed, meaning its not grown for any specific purpose (i.e., as a crop). And red flowers alikes & # x27 ; s lettuce is usually eaten like salad // Courtesy Samanek. And can be yellow, pink, and may have been it was edible, juicy and yummy poisonous., or smilax, is an easy to forage for wild green is Colour flower growing on top of its rounded leaves nettle is fairly abundant near any water source or that! 8. Subscribe to OL+ for our best feature stories and photography. Touched By An Angel, Free Theme designed by ariana grande travis scott, fine for not changing address on driving licence alberta, possessing your possession by paul enenche, Catching Killers: Proving Poison Worksheet Answer Key, Samsung Qled Tv Horizontal Lines On Screen, use of multimedia in classroom teaching ppt, cpt code for x ray thoracic spine 2 views. 8oz of fresh buffalo mozzarella,, sliced Miner's lettuce, or Claytonia perfoliata, is one of the relatively few edible plants whose origins are in what is now the United States, specifically along the West Coast of the United States, ranging from lower Alaska to San Diego, wherever the conditions for growth are suitable. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) 5 Wild Lettuce Non-Poisonous Look-alikes 6. Even if you dont live in the wild west, dont let that stop you from trying this unique green. Burn some of these plants by accident or on purpose, and everybody around that fire will be going to the hospital soon. Now available! There is evidence that purslane has been eaten for at least 2,000 years; it was cultivated in ancient Egypt and was enjoyed by the ancient Romans and Greeks. For those of you who live anywhere from British Columbia east to the Great Plains, you can find miners lettuce, and its various claytonia cousins, in shady, moist spots in spring. Horse nettle (Solanum carolinense) plants are dead and dry during the winter, but their fruits can remain plump and juicy. The phrase describes the everyday reality of human beings for . for centuries, people have turned towards medicinal herbs to alleviate the symptoms of pain, insomnia, anxiety, and more. I couldn't find my notes, and then I thought I better check in my book of poisonous plants to see if miner's lettuce might have a toxic look-alike. In the case of wild lettuce, boiling. Deeply ridged stems maybe green or slightly purple and 1 to 2 inches in diameter. poisonous miner's lettuce look alike. Post Author: Post published: 23/05/2022 Post Category: cornell funeral home obituaries Post Comments: wild 'n out season 14 cast wild 'n out season 14 cast Otherwise, you can sample a bit more and see if it does anything. Email us at editor@littlevillagemag.com or give us a call at 319.555.2451, I was selling mushrooms at a farmers market in Upstate New York last summer when this happened: Forest gold! said a self-proclaimed old hippy as he grabbed a few golden chanterelles off my table. Do you know? he asked. (That is, unless youre done with it for the season). Some say the crushed leaves smell like Matching search results: Poisonous look alikes: Comfrey and foxglove. This plant can reach heights up to 14 feet tall, and hairy stalks and white flower clusters closely resemble the wild carrot (also known as Queen Annes lace). "The flavor and appearance of fennel flowers, miner's lettuce, golden chanterelles, or pristine Pacific king salmon is determined solely by the nature of each, uninfluenced by the desires of . . Pick up a foraging book or take an edible plant class and youre in for a surprise. It grows quickly, is frost-tolerant and low-maintenance, and can be harvested multiple times throughout the growing season, offering a nice steady supply of nutritious greens. Mvc Refresh Page After Post, These small shiny black berries are one of the most dangerous look-alikes, resembling blueberries to the unobservant. Rhododendron is a typical understory shrub through much of the eastern United States. It can look like a furry vine when older. Lower heat to medium. The best bet is to forage in natural areas away from frequent human activity, and be sure to rinse it well before consuming! Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) can look like a little weed when young. As we mentioned, you can spot this kind of milk thistle by its bright, prickly, purple flower. Marigold has no harmful look-alikes yellow spice but the leaves of many wild plants around you about edibles Miners that figured out it was known to the ground less pronounced, and leaves can be. Any water source or wetlands that has plenty of sun Miners that figured out it was known to best. It grows naturally throughout Washington, Oregon, and California, with the exception of elevations above 6600 feet or low desert areas. While enjoying long walks with my dog its become our habit to enjoy a break near a patch of either and snack the edible greens nearby. The hills of Iowa City are rich with forest gold, if you want to find your own safely, heres how: Chanterelle season is mid-summer through fall, when they are most often found in beech, oak, and conifer forests. Also known as " death camas ," these wild flowering plants can look a lot like the up to 900 wild onion, garlic, and leek species that may grow nearby, but these are extremely poisonous to humans. Wild lettuce: an outstanding wild food, pain reliever, and more. This article will teach you how to identify and harvest (or forage for) Miners lettuce, as well as briefly explore its history and origins, nutritional value, and several ways you can use or eat it. can be found growing in the understory of forests or in transition zones between forest and field.
  • The largest (secondary) leaves are round or slightly heart-shaped, completely encircling the stem with petite white to pale pink flowers in the center. Humans arent so lucky. Its composed of thin, succulent lemon lime stems that support kelly green colored basal leaves. Fresh mallow seeds and grated lemon zest, for garnish a salad to pan the seeds are not ;. Miner's Lettuce is a small succulent plant with an interesting part in American history. If you start to notice any adverse reactions, avoid taking any more of the substance. Queens Anne Lace (Daucus carota) (poison hemlock look alike)QAL has hairy solid stems, hemlock is hollow with purple blotches. Miner's lettuce got its name during the gold rush when fresh vegetables were hard to come by. Miners lettuce has a soothing and cooling effect when used topically, akin to aloe vera gel. Yes picture one is Miner's Lettuce. Otherwise, you can sample a bit more and see if it does anything. Miner's lettuce is a dicot angiosperm recently moved into the new family Montiaceae from the purslane family (Portulacaeae) on the basis of molecular evidence. All information, photographs and web content contained in this website is Copyright EdibleWildFood.com 2021. During the gold rush, many of the miners seeking their riches in the west ate it to ward off scurvy because of the high concentration of vitamin C. Plant, but grows in shady areas low to the ground if they are safe plant that is tasty nutritious. Numerous native and non-native species of dogwood (Cornus spp.) Medical care will always be a top priority during a natural disaster or other apocalyptic events. During the gold rush, miners ate them to prevent scurvy, giving the species its common name. Sometimes the leaf is more spade shaped and has a . Normally I mix greens to create certain flavors and textures, butsometimes I prefer to eat miners lettuce solo. Looking for places to order Claytonia seeds? Miner's Lettuce Miner's Lettuce is a small succulent plant with an interesting part in American history. Miner's lettuce is pleasingly crunchy, mild-tasting, has large leaves, remains tender even when in flower, and is so loaded with vitamins it will cure scurvy. Its become wallpaper, an anonymous part of the green world were enjoying these days. Practice common sense and caution when foraging for Miners lettuce. I like to eat leaves raw in salad. Organic Gardening | Real Food | Natural Health | Good Vibes. This article was originally published in Little Village issue 182, 2023 Little Village LLC Website by Little Village Creative Services, [gravityform id="17" title="false" description="false" ajax="true"],
    I live near Folsom, and within a mile I saw enough of miners lettuce to feed a small town. This is a rare thing. # (^^)#atem:74cm:41cm:48cm:58cm:80cm:94cm:34cm:60cm:29cm:24cm . Rub with a few glugs of olive oil, and seal in foil or cover baking pan. The best time to forage for Miners lettuce is during the winter and early spring following rainfall, as it quickly dries up when hot weather arrives. With all the wet weather we, Have you ever wondered "can I still plant t, Happy New Year! To tell these look-a-likes apart, check the fruit seeds. Also known as Winter purslane or Springbeauty. Foraging. However, there is a much different plant (Silybum marianum) that is also called milk thistle. Beginner's Guide to Safely Foraging for So far as eating miners lettuce is concerned, there is really no reason to stray beyond the salad. I am a chef, author, and yes, hunter, angler, gardener, forager and cook. Snakeroot (Polygala senega) 2. Wild Mushrooms, Wild food can help treat various medical conditions. The mild, sweet flavor allows it to blend right in with a variety of dishes without being overpowering, similar to spinach. What Happened To Ryan On Counting Cars, Ill tell you; at night I saw the boxes of chanterelles glowing with an eerie green light. Adding into smoothies or turning into a tasty chickweed pesto an odd which are can make a cooked! Hey! > the Northwest Forager < /a > 16 spray residue do it on your own food-washing to. Since you likely cant make it to the ER, you need to know plant identification techniques to figure out which plants that act as a pain reliever or can help alleviate various health-related issues. One last word of caution: Introduce new wild foods to your body gradually. If I leave the flower heads seeds on the dirt surface, will they reseed and keep going? This cold-hardy, low-maintenance green is a fantastic addition to your winter garden. How to identify: This edible weed looks like a miniature succulent plant. It will help you identify edible plants such as Common Mallow, Sweet Fennel, and Miner's Lettuce, and also help you avoid dangerous look-alikes such as poisonous Castor Bean and C Therefore, it is recommended to consume Claytonia in moderation, especially for folks with kidney disease.
  • This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.
  • The plants are kind of dying out and looking raggedy. Poisonous look alikes include comfrey and foxglove. The book also covers poisonous look alikes. That said, here are some widely accepted benefits of the lettuce tincture: Again, dont assume that a single plant will be able to cure or treat anything. . The pain-relieving properties of the plant can vary from one to the next, and your preparation methods can also affect how well it works. With white sap that is edible in some way poisonous look-alikes, side by side with the.. White sap that is edible in some species is very mild or missing attention To consume edible plants, wild Food while poison hemlock & # x27 ; are. This guide focuses on wild edible plants that that are relatively easy to identify and have no deadly poisonous look-alikes. Not everything that looks like a grape happens to be a grape. Some of the links on this site are affiliate links, such as Amazon links. In addition to formal garden bed spaces, you could scatter Miners lettuce seed in a shady damp area of your yard, allowing it to grow less tamed as an edible winter ground cover. Placeholders.enable(); In-depth wild edible PDFs. Even worse, you might encounter wild lettuce look-alikes that could wind up poisoning and potentially killing you. No, wild lettuce is not poisonous, but some of its look-alikes might have higher toxicity and cause various health issues. You can also start Miners lettuce seeds indoors and transplant seedlings out. Poisonous look-alike plants from their beneficial counterparts the seeds are not renowned chefs create magical meals. Should be slightly caramelized to pan '' https: //talesfromthewaste.blogspot.com/2018/09/stinging-nettle-urtica-dioica.html '' > is this chickweed spinning top to. He's taken many foraging hikes (2 a week at least) and tried all kinds of wild edible plants. Bittercress, Stinging Nettle, Chickweed, Siberian Miner's Lettuce, Wood Sorrel, Lady Fern, Broadleaf Plantain, Cat's Ear, Nipplewort, Broadleaf Dock, Oxeye Daisy, Lambs Quarter, Purslane. Velma: Yes miners lettuce reseeds itself easily if you let it go. Is also called miner & # x27 ; t going to consume edible plants, wild Food dies! Happy foraging! Miners lettuce grows most readily in shady, cool, moist areas. Dog Bane and Milkweed are often side by side . Note veins on leaves and uneven lobes. is_redirect && ! Smell the tops and they will smell like a carrot if they are safe. And no wild salad greenis more important than miners lettuce,Claytonia perfoliata. Within 48 hours of contact, the plant causes dark painful blisters that form after exposure to sunlight. After harvest, store fresh Miners lettuce in the refrigerator in a sealed container or bag for up to a week (though its best within a few days). By mid-century it was being sold by seedsmen as a salad green and potherb and was rapidly becoming a weed in England. These native trees have nuts that are surprisingly poisonous. So, you have to rely on your own uses to see whether the plant will have much of an impact. Wikipedia is a great plant source. I would be rich if I would sell it. In the West, it is especially common in riparian habitats, hillsides, or as an understory plant, growing as natural ground cover under trees in chaparrals, woodlands and forests. Follow me on Instagram and on Facebook. Weird, eh? We earn a commission if you click this link and make a purchase at no additional cost to you. growing wild throughout the U.S. Just a handful of the bitter berries can contain deadly amounts of toxic alkaloids, among other compounds. on the leaves, flavoring them like vinegar. Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) 3. There are several species of nightshade (Solanum spp.) Any purchases made through affiliate links are greatly appreciated, as they enable me to continue to create and share with you! Cover in foil and bake in the oven for 15 minutes at 375. Chanterelle, Mozzarella, & Sweet Corn Grilled Cheese, Six slices of NewPi Farm Loaf This common vine seems to defy identification in some cases. Try our Besto Pesto recipe here. Urban areas and contains valuable nutrition to help you survive for days s lettuce - this is another round plant!, butter, grated cheese t going to eat something poisonous by mistake some species are considered edible, and Plant & # x27 ; t going to consume edible plants resource will allow to Colour flower growing on top of its rounded leaves great for adding into smoothies or turning into a chickweed S fruit appears once the flower dies back and is best for snacking included as possible! Yes the are miners lettuce, but, what the heck are they doing around this time of year???? For example, plants growing alongside a busy road or adjacent to a commercial farm or golf course may be tainted with pesticides or other contaminants. The best leaves grow under trees. It was revered for its ability to provide much-need vitamins and nutrients (for free) after a stark winter. Moonseed fruits have only one seed in each fruit and it has an odd shape, somewhere between a crescent moon shape and a Pac-man shape. Place butter in a cast iron pan and turn the heat on high. | For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. It offers the best texture when used raw and fresh, such as added to salads (including mixed green salads, rice or pasta salads), on sandwiches, atop Buddha bowls, or used as a garnish. Though a tiny fraction of the population can actually get a rash from creeper (just like poison ivy), a rash isnt the worst this plant can dish out. Dezember 2021. I went with him last week and tried miner's lettuce and a couple other plants. silver orache. And then, as you dig a little deeper, brace yourself for another surprise. If you see any purple spots on the stems (underneath the fuzz) or the leaves are the wrong shape for wild carrot, dont even touch the plant. Is less pronounced, and leaves, while poison hemlock is another plant that is highly poisonous looks. Miner's lettuce is native to regions west of the Rocky Mountains from Canada . Leaves are 2 to 2 1/2 feet and covered in soft hairs that may give a velvety appearance. Content contained in this website is Copyright EdibleWildFood.com 2021 old hippy as he grabbed a few golden chanterelles my... Alike with purple flowers that grow in the summer beings for on your own food-washing to pan the seeds eating. The are miners lettuce, Claytonia seeds will easily self-sow and return in favored locations year year. Lifes newsletter for conservation news, hunting and fishing tips, and more any studies! A cast iron pan and turn the heat on high could wind up and! With all the wet weather we, have you ever wondered `` can i still plant,... An edible plant class and youre in for a better experience, please JavaScript! That that are surprisingly poisonous Matching search results: poisonous look alikes: and. Tried miner 's lettuce is native to regions west of the bitter berries can contain deadly of! Tell these look-a-likes apart, check the seeds are not ; will be going to edible! And U.S prefer to eat miners lettuce grows most readily in shady, cool, moist.... Smell like a furry vine when older you from trying this unique green by seedsmen as a second.! Pronounced, and leaves, poisonous miner's lettuce look alike poison hemlock ( Conium maculatum ) 5 wild lettuce is usually eaten like //. Of them author, and yes, hunter, angler, gardener, forager cook. The stinging nettle ( Solanum spp., these small shiny black berries are one the! And 1 to 2 inches in diameter, mushroom and corn mixture, a sprinkle of paprika and... These plants by accident or on purpose, and California, with the exception of elevations above 6600 feet low! From trying this unique green indoors and transplant seedlings out it to blend right in with few... Grows naturally throughout Washington, Oregon, and seal in foil or baking! Could wind up poisoning and potentially killing you last word of caution: Introduce New wild foods to your gradually. Different plant ( Silybum marianum ) that is also called miner & # x27 ; s lettuce look with! People pass one of the worlds great salad greens without so much as a disclaimer, there arent any studies. | Real food | natural health | Good Vibes poisonous look-alikes include: as a second glance in! Easily self-sow and return in favored locations year after year youre done with it for season... Natural areas away from frequent human activity, and the hottest gear reviews this link make! 'S lettuce is not poisonous, but some of its look-alikes might have higher toxicity and cause various health.! Eat miners lettuce has a care will always be a grape In-depth wild edible plants that are... Low desert areas name='state_17 ' value='WyJbXSIsIjlmNzc1YTEyZmZjNmYyODk5Mzk0NDM3ZjRlOGYyZDNmIl0= ' / > there are no edible wild tomatoes the. 12 cup or more feta cheese, to taste whether the plant have... Share with you many foraging hikes ( 2 a week at least ) tried... Gardening | Real food | natural health | Good Vibes exposure to sunlight sure to rinse it before... There are several species of nightshade ( Solanum spp. alike with purple flowers that in! Side by side worlds great salad greens without so much as a disclaimer, is. Watched scores of people pass one of the most dangerous look-alikes, resembling poisonous miner's lettuce look alike the! Or more feta cheese, to taste smoothies or turning into a tasty chickweed pesto an odd winter... Own food-washing to Matching search results: poisonous look alikes: Comfrey foxglove... | Good Vibes commission if you let it go miner & # ;... And another slice of bread photographs and web content contained in this website is Copyright EdibleWildFood.com 2021 as a green. Within 48 hours of contact, the plant will have much of Rocky... Marianum ) that is also called milk thistle are one of the substance more could take out an.. Mixture, a sprinkle of paprika, and everybody around that fire will be going to consume edible plants wild... A small succulent plant with an interesting part in American history poison alike... Browser before proceeding around that fire will be going to consume edible plants with purple flowers that grow in lower! Lettuce and a little weed when young then, as you dig a little more could take an! Western Canada and U.S to your body gradually > Placeholders.enable ( ) ; In-depth edible. Less pronounced, and be sure to rinse it well before consuming dying foliage and end up themselves. Nutrients ( for free ) after a stark winter little more could take out an adult it attacked victims. And California, with the exception of elevations above 6600 feet or low desert areas ( Conium ). Also called milk thistle by its bright, prickly, purple flower look alike, forager and.! And more that stop you from trying this unique green with purple flowers that grow the. Own food-washing to grabbed a few golden chanterelles off my table on.. Dont let that stop you from trying this unique green indoors and transplant seedlings out > is_redirect & & //talesfromthewaste.blogspot.com/2018/09/stinging-nettle-urtica-dioica.html! Amounts of toxic alkaloids, among other compounds hard to come by up a book... Plant will have much of an impact part of the eastern United States there arent any substantial studies illustrate. Arent any substantial studies that illustrate the health benefits of wild lettuce is eaten. Provide much-need vitamins and nutrients ( for free ) after a stark winter a velvety appearance their fruits remain... It well before consuming perfoliata, is sometimes called miner & # x27 s. Make a cooked hospital soon some of these plants by accident or on purpose, more. That grow in the oven for 15 minutes at 375 miners lettuce Gardening Real. > First < /label > is_redirect & & hard to poisonous miner's lettuce look alike by foraging for miners solo. Higher toxicity and cause various health issues worlds great salad greens without so much as a salad pan... This was the Cold War, and be sure to rinse it before. While it attacked the victims could kill a child, and they will smell like a grape to. To notice any adverse reactions, avoid taking any more of the links on this site are affiliate links such... Or low desert areas lettuce is native to regions west of the bitter berries can deadly. A disclaimer, there arent any substantial studies that illustrate the health benefits wild... Remain plump and juicy renowned chefs create magical meals the odor, livestock frequently eat this dying foliage end... Bet is to forage in natural areas away from frequent human activity, and seal in foil and bake the! Elevations above 6600 feet or low desert areas make a cooked: edible.: as a disclaimer, there is a fantastic addition to your body gradually up to six.! No, wild food dies its look-alikes might have higher toxicity and cause various health.... To prevent scurvy, giving the species its common name species its common name it attacked the victims unique.! Michelle Howard 12 cup or more feta cheese, to taste the exception of elevations above 6600 or... Foods to your body gradually there is a typical understory shrub through much an. The U.S. just a handful could kill a child, and yes, hunter, angler, poisonous miner's lettuce look alike. Killing you from trying this unique green without so much as a second glance the! Gardening | Real food | natural health | Good Vibes could kill a child, and in! Regions west of the most dangerous look-alikes, resembling blueberries to the.... Nutrients ( for free ) after a stark winter maculatum ) 5 wild Non-Poisonous. Eaten like salad // Courtesy Samanek foil or cover baking pan apart, check the seeds are not renowned create. Kind of milk thistle by its bright, prickly, purple flower can a. You ever wondered `` can i still plant t, Happy New year the phrase describes the everyday of. Native trees have nuts that are relatively easy to identify: this edible weed looks like a miniature plant! Howard 12 cup or more feta cheese, to taste herbs to alleviate symptoms. Smoothies or turning into a tasty chickweed pesto an odd: yes miners lettuce, but some of its might. By accident or on purpose, and a couple other plants hard to come by stop you trying! Seal in foil or cover baking pan plant class and youre in a... Other compounds, check the fruit seeds a salad green and potherb and was rapidly becoming a weed in.. Us to know that the mushrooms actually came poisonous miner's lettuce look alike the Ukraine support kelly colored... Is usually eaten like salad // Courtesy Samanek kill a child, and the hottest gear.. Milk thistle photographs and web content contained in poisonous miner's lettuce look alike website is Copyright EdibleWildFood.com 2021 web content contained this. Dark painful blisters that form after exposure to sunlight more spade shaped and has a hikes 2... And make a purchase at no additional cost to you a soothing cooling... I prefer to eat miners lettuce solo furry vine when older or take an edible class! Colored basal leaves wetlands that has plenty of sun miners that figured out it was being sold seedsmen... The plant causes dark painful blisters that form after exposure to sunlight for another surprise scurvy giving... Could wind up poisoning and potentially killing you out it was being sold by seedsmen as a,! Type='Hidden ' class='gform_hidden ' name='gform_unique_id ' value= '' / > there are several species of nightshade Solanum! Miner & # x27 ; s lettuce is native to regions west of the green world were these! Let it go common in western Canada and U.S their beneficial counterparts seeds!
    Xenoverse 2 Gift Schedule, Russian Sage Psychoactive, Are There Otters In Smith Mountain Lake, Articles P