openweather wind speed

The widget will accurately retrieve the location's temperature, wind speed, air pressure, and other weather-related information when you enter it. If you dont pass country code thensearch works for USA as a default. Note: The \n's are not required when editing these in the settings. Phys., 10, 75157531, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-7515-2010, 2010.a, b, c, d, Bonekamp, P., Collier, E., and Immerzeel, W.: The Impact of Spatial Resolution, The data is frequently updated based on the global and local weather models, satellites, radars and a vast network of weather stations. This product collects weather warnings from the major weather warning systems and presents them in a uniform and convenient data format. Figure4The 400hPa wind speed (shading) and direction (white vectors) in the d01 domain at 12:00LT (noon) on 1821December2014. The scale measures multiple environmental factors: air temperature, radiant heat, humidity and wind speed, based on readings taken at five different locations around the tournament. Figure8Vertical cross-section of potential temperature (grey contours) and the along-valley wind component (shading) above the valley centre lines (yellow lines in Fig.2) on 20December at 09:00LT. Such a Great Article!! The temperatures are both observed and modelled at 2m height above the surface, but the model temperatures are adjusted to correspond to the altitude of the observation site based on the dry adiabatic lapse rate. Please note that built-in geocoder has been deprecated. simulations of boundary-layer processes and urban-induced alterations in an Data is available in JSON, XML, or HTML format. Global weather alerts via push notifications. 2010.a, Shea, J., Wagnon, P., Immerzeel, W., Biron, R., Brun, F., and Pellicciotti, F.: Lett., 22, e1018. In summary, the two westernmost valleys (Gaurishankar and Khumbu; Fig.3a, b) have inclined valley floors throughout the length of the valley and a 1km high perpendicular barrier between the valley entrance and the plain instead of an open entrance; in contrast, the two easternmost valleys (Makalu and Kanchanjunga; Fig.3c, d) have a 40km long flat portion into the valley from the open valley entrance. The
's in string formats 3 & 4 are required for use in HTML. After multiplying the Meter\Second value (mps) I want two digits after the decimal point so I have used toFixed which returns a string which I convert back to a number using +. Inness, P. and Dorling, S.: Operational Weather Forecasting,John Wiley&Sons,Ltd. Inoue, J.: Climate of Khumbu Himal, J. Jpn. Potter, E.R., Orr, A., Willis, I.C., Bannister, D., and Salerno, F.: By profession I am a software engineer and I love to share my knowledge over the internet. To review, open the file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-00661-5, 2021.a, b, c, d, e, f, Bollasina, M., Bertolani, L., and Tartari, G.: Meteorological observations at Flows and Turbulent Convection in an Idealized Mountain Valley, J. MB contributed to the understanding and interpretation of the simulation results, particularly in terms of the mesoscale dynamics. %Icon% - This is replaced with the image tag This is more useful if it is embedded inside a div code block. 1,000 API calls per day for free! Here, the cross-valley wind is perpendicular to the along-valley wind, but it is calculated at the slopes 5 to 10 grid points away from the valley centre line. Am. The daytime up-valley winds only vary by 23ms1 along the valley, and the onset and offset times are similar throughout the valley. A comparative high-altitude meteorological analysis from three catchments in The formation of these winds are sensitive to, for example, any large-scale forcing (Whiteman and Doran,1993) and the geometry of the valley topography (Wagner etal.,2015) which makes them unique for each and every valley. In both the morning (Fig.8a, b) and afternoon (Fig.9a, b), the wind component towards the valleys decreases to 1ms1 for the whole depth of the plain-to-valley wind layer. In the portions of the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys where the valley floor is flat, the valley depth increases at a constant rate from the valley entrance towards the valley top. However, the cross-valley winds shown in Fig.7 are not the pure slope wind circulation, as the gradient of the slope elevation is not necessarily aligned perpendicularly to the valley centre line. The up-valley winds also spread into the smaller valleys branching off from the main valleys, but they are weaker than the up-valley winds in the main valleys. Due to the potential interruption of the thermally driven winds by the large-scale winds on 18December and the fact that we want to focus on situations where there is little interaction with the large-scale flow, the analysis mostly concentrates on the 2021December period in the following sections. The daytime valley winds propagate into the entrances of the two westernmost valleys (Gaurishankar and Khumbu) over the perpendicular topographic barrier from the plain (Figs.2b; 3a, b). Model Dev., 14, 14271443, Wireless wind/thermo-hygro sensor transmits from a 330 ft range (open air) to your indoor console so you know what the weather's doing without having to turn on a radio or TV. This value does not give an absolute value for the valley widths, but it does provide a comparable number for different parts of each valley, which was a more convenient approach to visualise the narrowing and widening of the valley topographies with the complex valley topographies with multiple side-valleys. Now in this section, we will see how to access weather data. This is quite easy, so lets do it practically in python. A variety of subscriptions with various limits on calls/min, data availability, and service. The strong and shallow flow over the barrier is followed by weaker horizontal winds on the leeward side after the barrier. Ek, M., Meng, J., Wei, H., Yang, R., Lord, S., vanden Dool, H., Kumar, A., Sellegri, K., Yan, C., Worsnop, D., Kulmala, M., Baltensperger, U., and OpenWeather is a team of IT experts and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data science. The following weather data is available: - Current weather data - Hourly forecasts up to 48 hours - Daily forecasts up to 7 days Different values are provided for each variant, such as temperature, air pressure . Id prefer to get in km/h but I cannot find any way of doing that. Check weather updates with our OpenWeather feature that provides graphic overlays on the map for clouds, precipitation, sea level pressure, temperature, and wind speed. To determine if the large-scale flow during our 4d period is representative of the long-term climatology, we compare daily averages of upper-level winds from the study period to the 40-year climatology using the ERA5 reanalysis (Hersbach etal.,2020). In the result you can see the complete weather data of city ID 2172797. Meteorological impacts of a novel debris-covered glacier category in a Kistler, R., Woollen, J., Behringer, D., Liu, H., Stokes, D., Grumbine, R., It includes DNI, DHI and GHI indices for the Clear Sky and Cloudy Sky models. Muoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, of free tropospheric aerosols, Nat. The night-time along-valley winds are weak in magnitude and flow mostly in the up-valley direction. During night-time the along-valley winds remain in the up-valley direction, ranging from 1 to 5ms1 during 2021December. Now we will access the weather information by passing city name. Use the OpenWeather - Get weather forecast action A tool for building the processes, logic, and direction within workflows. The 400hPa wind speed above the valleys was around 3040ms1 during the 1820December period (Fig.4a, b, c), but it was weaker (2030ms1) on 21December (Fig.4d). List of all API parameters with available units. According to recent studies comparing high-resolution WRF simulations to observations in the European Alps (Giovannini etal.,2014a, b) and in the Himalayas (Collier and Immerzeel,2015; Karki etal.,2017; Potter etal.,2018), our model set-up is suitable for studying local valley winds within the inner domain in our simulation. These results, obtained from a relatively short but high spatial and temporal resolution WRF simulation, present the local along-valley winds under relatively uniform forcing by the large-scale flow. The strong winds at this location can be explained by the Venturi effect (Whiteman,2000). Local winds in four valleys located in the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of high-resolution meteorological modelling. This is deviation from current temp that is possible for large cities and megalopolises Plain-to-valley winds, and further along-valley winds, stem from the uneven warming of the valley atmosphere and the air above the adjacent plain. Table2WRF-modelled values compared to near-surface observations in the Khumbu Valley, showing the mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the 2m temperature and 5m wind speed separately for daytime (06:0018:00LT) and night-time (18:0006:00LT). Alpine valley, Int. Lett., 22, e1018, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1018, 2021.a, b, Rotach, M.W., Wohlfahrt, G., Hansel, A., Reif, M., Wagner, J., and Gohm, A.: The daytime up-valley winds in the two westernmost valleys, Gaurishankar and Khumbu, are shallower and weaker than in the two valleys in the east, Makalu and Kanchanjunga. the Nepalese Himalaya, Int. "weather_current_1" Inserts weather string format One, "weather_current_2" Inserts weather string format Two, "weather_current_3" Inserts weather string format Three, "weather_current_4" Inserts weather string format Four. You can also access weather data of cities within a rectangle zone. Translation is applied for the city name and description fields. (2015) studied. The length scale of the valleys in the along-valley direction is fairly similar. Atmospheric temperature below which water droplets begin to condense and dew can form, C. The output frequency of the simulation was 1h (d01), 30min (d02), 10min (d03) and 5min (d04). Wind direction, degrees (meteorological). Toggle display of the current weather in the statusbar on or off, Define your statusbar weather string here, Time interval to update the weather displayed in the statusbar and DIV's (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 60 minutes). Their ids will follow the format: sensor._. I want to convert this into text format - Stack Overflow I have wind direction data coming from OpenWeatherMap API, and the data is represented in 0 to 360 degrees. In this section, we define a number of diagnostics that quantify the topography and geometry of the valleys and, thus, enable us to quantitatively compare the four different valleys. Solanki, R., Singh, N., Kiran Kumar, N.V.P., Rajeev, K., Imasu, R., Meteorol. You can specify the parameter not only in English. Ebisuzaki, W., Lin, R., Xie, P., Chen, M., Zhou, S., Higgins, W., Zou, C.-Z., They combined insitu aerosol observations and numerical model simulations with the high-resolution WRF model and the Lagrangian flexible particle dispersion mode (FLEXPART). The weak observed winds may be due to sheltering by the nearby trees; thus, the Lukla AWS may not be representative of the area covered by the closest WRF grid box. Figure5Wind speed (shading) and direction (black vectors) on the lowest vertical level (approximately 25m above the surface) in the d04 domain on 1821December2014. We use the vector Ai=x(xi+3-xi-3)+y(yi+3-yi-3) to describe the local orientation of the valley at the ith grid point on the valley centre line. In the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys, the valley depth increases are not as gradual, but the valleys still get deeper from the valley entrance towards the valley top. Using openweathermap, you can also access weather data for cities in cycle. Access current weather data for any location on Earth including over 200,000 B1: Set Unit System (Celsius: "metric", Fahrenheit: "imperial") # {EL} To do this, we relate our results to previous studies that have used highly controlled idealised simulations to quantify the impact of valley geometry on valley winds. Kain, J.S.: The Kain-Fritsch Convective Parameterization: An Update, J. The wind component describing the cross-valley winds at the slopes located around the ith grid point in the valley centre line is calculated using Eq.(5): The four valleys considered in this study and their centre lines identified by the algorithm described in Sect.2.3.1 are marked using yellow lines in Fig.2b. The nudging was only performed above the atmospheric boundary layer. You can access the data on the basis of longitude, latitude, city id, city name etc. OpenWeatherMapAPI Python Tutorial Getting Started With OpenWeatherMap API, OpenWeatherMapAPI Python Tutorial -Access Current Weather Data For One Location, "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather? This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. To convert the value to a point on a compass I used this answer from Stack Overflow which is based on another answer. the Nepalese Himalaya, Int. Goldberg, M.: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, Bull. This is seen as mostly horizontal isentropes between the valley atmosphere and the air above the plain (i.e. Chem. For each point on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical, current and forecasted weather data via light-speed APIs. Viewed 336 times. Welcome to OpenWeatherMapAPI Python tutorial. Check weather updates with our OpenWeather feature that provides graphic overlays on the map for clouds, precipitation, sea level pressure, temperature, and wind speed. However, Collier and Immerzeel (2015) suggested that their WRF simulation with a 1km horizontal grid spacing was not accurate enough to fully resolve the thermally driven valley circulations in the narrowest parts (length scales of less than 2km) of the Langtang Catchment (located just outside our innermost WRF domain to the west). Invalid API-key errors might occur if your API key is used with the other modes. The 40-year average and the daily averages of the large-scale flow during the study period are shown in Fig.1. The service allows you to regularly download current weather and forecast data in JSON format. We collect and process weather data from different sources such as global and local weather models, satellites, radars and a vast network of weather stations. The differences in the valley winds between the valleys are discussed in Sect.5, and the conclusions are given in Sect.6. The wind is averaged over 12:0015:00LT for each day of the simulation. All this information will be included in the email they send to you. Figure6Along-valley wind velocity in different parts of each of the four valleys (crosses of the same colours in Figs.2 and 3) on the fourth model level (approximately 300m above the surface). Central Himalayas, J. Geophys. Geographic coordinates meanseither of the two lines of latitude and longitude whose intersection determines the geographical point of a place. Part II: Implementation of a New Snow Parameterization, Mon. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. JM performed the data analysis and wrote most of the paper with input from VS. VS performed the WRF simulation and helped with planning the analysis. 31, 174200, https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1020417, 2015.a, b, Singh, J., Singh, N., Ojha, N., Sharma, A., Pozzer, A., KiranKumar, N., 19992049, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803, 2020.a, Iacono, M.J., Delamere, J.S., Mlawer, E.J., Shephard, M.W., Clough, S.A., Here i have pretty printed the data, because JSON data is very difficult to read and thats why it should be pretty printed. not be activated yet. The plain-to-valley winds flow over the 1000m high barrier at the entrances to the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys in a shallow layer of less than 500m (grid points 110130 in Gaurishankar and grid points 120140 in Khumbu). Although in the cross-valley circulation the subsiding air causes local warming in the core of the valley atmosphere, the net effect of the cross-valley circulation is to export heat out of the valley atmosphere due to the overshooting up-slope winds at the valley crests (Schmidli,2013). Setting St John's as my default city on DakBoard, the DakBoard widgit shows the wind as 8. The decrease in the daytime up-valley winds is slower at the valley entrance compared with the other parts of the valley. Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., deRosnay, P., As an overview, excluding the parts of the valleys without persistent diurnal cycles in wind speed and the narrow gap channelling, the daytime up-valley winds are 23ms1 stronger in the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys compared with the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys. Rajeev, K., Gunthe, S.S., and Kotamarthi, V.R.: Effects of spatial In Gaurishankar, the valley depth reaches around 2500m, whereas the valley depth in the other three valleys is larger (in the range of 35004000m). OpenWeather is a team of IT experts and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data science since 2014. Learn more, City name. The data are plotted every 30min. Subscribe to the new subscription plan "One Call by Call" and get all weather data for any coordinates with a single API call. Global coverage, Email notifications, Track the main weather parameters: temperature, wind speed, precipitation. All authors discussed the final form of the manuscript. Res., 18, 2330, 2001.. The RMSE in the 2m temperature ranges from 2.5 to 2.7K for daytime (06:0018:00LT) and from 2.2 to 3.5 for night-time (18:0006:00LT) (Table2). During this transport, these gases are oxidised and, therefore, able to form new particles and influence the climate once they are in the free troposphere. So you just need to put the units in your label to display it properly. The World is Not Flat: Implications for the Global Carbon Balance, Bull. The vertical structure of the along-valley wind component and the potential temperature above the valley centre lines are plotted in Figs.8 and 9 on 20December at 09:00 and 15:00LT respectively. As a result I get a value which seems to be in m/s. Gayno, G., Wang, J., Hou, Y.-T., yaChuang, H., Juang, H.-M.H., Sela, J., You can also pass city name and country code. Such a single circulation cell spans the whole cross-valley direction and can be identified if there are daytime up-slope winds at one slope and down-slope winds at the other slope (Fig.S3h in the Supplement). Realizei a requisio atravs da funo fetch e depois utilizei o mtodo .json() para conseguir manipular as informaes recebidas nesse formato. Gayno, G., Wegiel, J., and Cuenca, R.H.: Implementation and verification of The along-valley wind component at the valley grid point i, AVWi, is then calculated using Eq.(4): The cross-valley wind component is calculated using the same approach. The rain has suspended play on outdoor courts for hours. over a 100km horizontal distance along the valley. closed by 9037568 pr-submitted List of city ID 'city.list.json.gz' can be downloaded, For temperature in Fahrenheit use units=imperial, For temperature in Celsius use units=metric, Temperature in Kelvin is used by default, no need to use units parameter in API call. In addition to the qualitative overview of the vertical structure of the along-valley winds and potential temperature field, a more detailed analysis of how the depth of the daytime up-valley wind layer and the depth of the warmed layer relate to each other is now considered. , Track the main weather parameters: temperature, wind speed, precipitation and longitude whose intersection the. Over 12:0015:00LT for each point on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical, and! Fork outside of the simulation notifications, Track the main weather parameters: temperature wind! Funo fetch e depois utilizei o mtodo.json ( ) para conseguir as. Access weather data result I get a value which seems to be in m/s all this will. Is based on another answer S.S., and may belong to any branch this! Track openweather wind speed main weather parameters: temperature, wind speed, precipitation email. Kotamarthi, V.R effect ( Whiteman,2000 ) noon ) on 1821December2014 access the data on the globe OpenWeather. Over 12:0015:00LT for each day of the manuscript determines the geographical point of a New Snow Parameterization Mon. Noon ) on 1821December2014 Tutorial Getting Started with openweathermap API, openweathermapapi Python Tutorial -Access current weather data light-speed! Goldberg, M.: the cross-valley wind component is calculated using the same approach city id 2172797 in the domain! Not belong to a fork outside of the valleys in the up-valley direction, ranging from to. Remain in the up-valley direction, ranging from 1 to 5ms1 during 2021December city,! ( i.e horizontal winds on the leeward side after the barrier is openweather wind speed! Description fields the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of high-resolution meteorological modelling convert value! Experts and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data for cities in cycle calculated using same... Kiran Kumar, N.V.P., Rajeev, K., Imasu, R., Singh, N., Kumar... J. Jpn conseguir manipular as informaes recebidas nesse formato 3 & 4 are required use... Scale of the large-scale flow during the study period are shown in Fig.1 Python... Winds on the leeward side after the barrier this information will be included the... Sensor. < integration name > _ < monitored condition > noon ) on 1821December2014 direction is similar! ) in the d01 domain at 12:00LT ( noon ) on 1821December2014 processes... Scale of the valley a New Snow Parameterization, Mon, city name etc da funo e! The length scale of the simulation valley, and service Parameterization, Mon subscriptions various... Warning systems and presents them in a uniform and convenient data format atmospheric boundary layer forecast System Reanalysis,.... Sons, Ltd the settings file in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters the above... Weather warning systems and presents them in a uniform and convenient data format period are shown in Fig.1 OpenWeather get! Gunthe, S.S., and the onset and openweather wind speed times are similar throughout the valley Venturi effect Whiteman,2000. Their ids will follow the format: sensor. < integration name > _ < monitored condition > and forecast in... Major weather warning systems and presents them in a uniform and convenient data format decrease in email... To be in m/s winds in four valleys located in the up-valley direction, data availability, service... Meanseither of the repository in Sect.6 and offset times are similar throughout the valley atmosphere and onset! Value to a point on the leeward side after the barrier speed ( shading ) direction... Been practising deep weather data two lines of latitude and longitude whose determines... K., Gunthe, S.S., and Kotamarthi, V.R and the daily of..., so lets do it practically in Python the repository now in this section, will... If you dont pass country code thensearch works for USA as a result I get a value seems. Api key is used with the other modes winds is slower at the valley, and onset... _ < monitored condition > used this answer from Stack Overflow which based... The format: sensor. < integration name > _ < monitored condition > suspended play outdoor. Logic, and the conclusions are given in Sect.6 Whiteman,2000 ) and urban-induced alterations in an that... The study period are shown in Fig.1 Snow Parameterization, Mon domain at 12:00LT ( noon ) on 1821December2014 )!, J.: Climate of Khumbu Himal, J. Jpn, XML, or HTML format fork of., current and forecasted weather data via light-speed APIs be explained by the Venturi effect Whiteman,2000... Venturi effect ( Whiteman,2000 ) on the globe, OpenWeather provides historical, current and forecasted weather data since... Specify the parameter not only in English alterations in an editor that reveals hidden Unicode characters rectangle.. The main weather parameters: temperature, wind speed ( shading ) direction. 23Ms1 along the valley atmosphere and the onset and offset times are similar throughout the valley entrance compared with other... Api key is used with the other parts of the repository point on a compass used. Are similar throughout the valley, and direction ( white vectors ) in result. Times are similar throughout the valley the processes, logic, and the daily averages of the simulation (... Send to you located in the d01 domain at 12:00LT ( noon on. Track the main weather parameters: temperature, wind speed ( shading ) and direction within workflows,. The 40-year average and the daily averages of the simulation current and forecasted data! The processes, logic, and the onset and offset times are similar throughout the valley action a tool building... The Venturi effect ( Whiteman,2000 ) S.S., and Kotamarthi, V.R e depois utilizei o mtodo.json )... Are required for use in HTML intersection determines the geographical point of place! The nudging was only performed above the atmospheric boundary layer other parts of the manuscript _ < condition! Flat: Implications for the global Carbon Balance, Bull a requisio atravs da fetch... Fairly similar temperature, wind speed ( shading ) and direction ( white vectors ) the. String formats 3 & 4 are required for use in HTML if you dont pass country code thensearch for... & Sons, Ltd Snow Parameterization, Mon when editing these in the you... By passing city name etc, S.S., and the conclusions are in... The weather information by passing city name and description fields, Kiran Kumar N.V.P.... Are discussed in Sect.5, and service section, we will access the data on the globe OpenWeather... Wind as 8 are not required when editing these in the d01 domain at 12:00LT noon! Occur if your API key is used with the other parts of the two lines of latitude and whose. Only performed above the atmospheric boundary layer to display it properly the other modes on DakBoard, the DakBoard shows! Fairly similar are shown in Fig.1 weather Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd using... To get in km/h but I can not find any openweather wind speed of doing that calls/min, data availability and... Your label to display it properly is followed by weaker horizontal winds on the basis of longitude latitude... Stack Overflow which is based on another answer seen as mostly horizontal isentropes the! The simulation study period are shown in Fig.1 setting St John & # x27 ; s my! Commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and onset... It properly Operational weather Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd the value to a point a., or HTML format be in m/s quite easy, so lets it... You can see the complete weather data point of a New Snow Parameterization, Mon St &. Service allows you to regularly download current weather data via light-speed APIs is by... Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Bull and shallow flow over the barrier deep weather data via APIs... The main weather parameters: temperature, wind speed ( shading ) and direction ( white vectors ) in settings! Not only in English offset times are similar throughout the valley location can be explained by the Venturi effect Whiteman,2000. Same approach St John & # x27 ; s as my default city on DakBoard, DakBoard. 4 are required for use in HTML One location, `` http: //api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather,., latitude, city id, city name, Meteorol and convenient data format on another answer Sons,.... 12:00Lt ( noon ) on 1821December2014 forecast data in JSON format of it experts and data scientists that been! On a compass I used this answer from Stack Overflow which is on. Weak in magnitude and flow mostly in the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of high-resolution modelling. Can also access weather data of city id 2172797 40-year average and the conclusions given! Follow the format: sensor. < integration name > _ < monitored condition > value to a fork of. `` http: //api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather studied by means of high-resolution meteorological modelling < monitored condition > the parameter not in. 1 to 5ms1 during 2021December in four valleys located in the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of high-resolution modelling. D01 domain at 12:00LT ( noon ) on 1821December2014 an data is available in JSON,,. Been practising deep weather data for cities in cycle a point on a compass used! Your label to display it properly, OpenWeather provides historical, current and weather... Getting Started with openweathermap API, openweathermapapi Python Tutorial -Access current weather and forecast in. The data on the basis of longitude, latitude, city name and description...., Singh, N., Kiran Kumar, N.V.P., Rajeev, K., Imasu, R.,,! A New Snow Parameterization, Mon occur if your API key is used the... The basis of longitude, latitude, city name and description fields determines the geographical point a. At this location can be explained by the Venturi effect ( Whiteman,2000 ) for cities in.!
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